☝️Here is a diagram for morons...you know...you!

🧠The meaning of cases

Cases carry meaning. Nominative, used for the subject, Accusative used for direct object, have no more meaning assignment. Only the other 4: genitive, dative, instrumental and prepositional.

📌🧠Nominative Case

Nominative? Think: The name

📘 Rule: The nominative case is used for the subject of the sentence. This is the thing or person DOING the action, or the one being DESCRIBED.

📌All the self-centered talk is nominative: "I am this...", "I am that". "I have this" "I will do this"...

Example: "I broke up with the bitch" I'm the subject. I did it. I (subject) is nominative.

Also for pointing fingers. So when you’re pointing fingers and naming names—this is the case you use.

It answers the question: Who? or What?

Example: "The bitch broke up with me." SHE'S the subject. SHE did it. She (subject) is nominative.

🔍 Sentence: "The cat sleeps on the bed."

1. Subject (Who is doing the action?)

👉 "The cat" → this is the subject → nominative case

2. Verb (What’s the action?)

👉 "sleeps" → the action

3. Location (Where?)

👉 "on the bed" → prepositional case, but the cat? Nominative 💅

📌 Nominative is also used for identity statements:

👉 “He is an engineer”

👉 “That woman is my bitch.”

👉 “I am the problem. It’s me.” 🧠

👉 “You are the problem. It’s you.” 🧠

🧾 Examples in Russian:

• Кошка спит. – The cat is sleeping. (Кошка = nominative)
• Я учитель. – I am a teacher. (Я = nominative)
• Это мой брат. – This is my brother. (брат = nominative)
• Собака ест. – The dog is eating. (Собака = nominative)

👑 Summary:

✅ If someone is doing the action, or if they’re the main character in the sentence, they’re in the nominative case.

🎯 Ask yourself: Who’s doing it? or Who/What is this? – That’s the nominative.

📌 Nominative Case Endings (Singular)

• Masculine:
  • Usually ends in a consonant → брат, стол
  • Or -й → герой
• Feminine:
  • Ends in -а → мама
  • Ends in -я → неделя
  • Or -ь (soft sign) for some nouns → дверь
• Neuter:
  • Ends in -о → окно
  • Ends in -е → море

📌 Plural Nominative Endings (Quick Glance)

• Masculine/Feminine: usually add -ы or -и (depending on spelling rules)
• Neuter: -а or -я (e.g. окно → окна, море → моря)

📌🧠Genitive Case

My balls: 🍒. A pair of balls.

Genitive case is used for quantities and contents. So whenever you have something like <something> of <something else> it is Genitive case.

🧠Genitive will replace "of" in english.

"I have 2 balls🍒", "I have a pair of balls." is genitive case.

So in doubt think: Genitive? Genitals, your 2 balls. I have 2 balls (2 of something)...that is if you have them you little Cyka!

Genitive is also used for denials and absense of something:"She denied she stole my money(denial)", "When pressed, she used the fact that she didn't have money as justification for what she did". She said She was broke(lack of something)

Let's start with the word телефон, that when in the genitive case becomes телефона.

One of the major uses of genitive case is with quantities.
So if you (as a handsome dude) bought 2 telephones you say:
Я купил два телефона

If a girl bought 2 phones, because the verb is in the past tense, and it is applicable to both perfective and imperfective verbs, the verb changes to a, so:
Я купилa два телефона

So, whenever we have something of something else, that "something else" is put into genitive case

• Coffee → A cup of coffee — ☕️кофе (Nominative) → чашка ☕️кофе (Genitive)
• Vodka → A liter of vodka — 🍾водка (Nominative) → литр 🍾водки (Genitive)

*Note how кофе didn't change. Some words in Russian are called indeclinable — they stay the same no matter which case you use.

📌 Genitive Case Endings (Singular & Plural)

• Masculine Singular:
  • Ends in consonant → add -а (e.g. стол → стола)
  • Ends in -й or -ь → change to -я (e.g. музей → музея, словарь → словаря)
• Feminine Singular:
  • Ends in -а → change to -ы (e.g. книга → книги)
  • Ends in -я or -ь → change to -и (e.g. неделя → недели, дверь → двери)
• Neuter Singular:
  • Ends in -о → change to -а (e.g. окно → окна)
  • Ends in -е → change to -я (e.g. море → моря)
• All Genders Plural:
  • Most nouns → drop ending and add zero ending or modify root (e.g. книги → книг, столы → столов)
  • Watch for spelling rules and irregulars (e.g. люди → людей, дети → детей)

📌🎯 Accusative Case

👉 Accusative (the direct object of an action)

🗣️ "I saw her"

🗣️ "I saw her stealing my money"

Accusative is when you do something for someone, when do something to someone, or about direction. When you go somewhere.

About the bitch, in the above 2, she is the direct object — the person you are seeing

If you say: "I'm going to a store to buy a gun". The store is the direct object. Where you are going to.

The keyword here is her. You are doing the action (seeing), and her is the one being affected by that action — she's the direct object.

💥 "I bought a gun"

💥 "I bought the killer a gun"

🔫 "I shot the bitch"

📘 Rule: The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a verb — the person or thing directly affected by the action.

If you are doing something to someone or something — like seeing, loving, hitting, or buying — the target of that action goes into the accusative case.

• I love you → "you" is the direct object: тебя
• We watch movies → "movies" is the direct object: фильмы
• She reads a book → "a book" is the direct object: книгу

🧾 Examples in Russian:

• Я вижу машину. – I see a car. (машину = accusative)
• Она читает книгу. – She reads a book. (книгу = accusative)
• Мы любим музыку. – We love music. (музыку = accusative)
• Он встретил друга. – He met (a male) friend. (друга = accusative)

✅ If a person or thing is the receiver of an action, it's usually in the accusative case.

🎯 Ask yourself: Who or what is directly affected by the action? – That’s your accusative target.

💡 Note: Some verbs always require an object in the accusative (e.g., to see, to know, to want).

🔁 Quick test for spotting the Accusative case:

📌 Accusative Case Endings (Singular & Plural)

• Masculine Singular:
  • Inanimate noun: same as nominative (e.g. стол → стол)
  • Animate noun: takes genitive form (e.g. брат → брата)
• Feminine Singular:
  • Ends in -а → change to -у (e.g. книга → книгу)
  • Ends in -я → change to -ю (e.g. неделя → неделю)
  • Ends in -ь → stays the same (e.g. дверь → дверь)
• Neuter Singular:
  • Stays the same as nominative (e.g. окно → окно, море → море)
• Plural (All Genders):
  • Inanimate: same as nominative plural (e.g. книги → книги)
  • Animate: takes genitive plural form (e.g. друзей instead of друзья)

📌🧠Dative Case

Dative? Think: Going on a date....to break up with the bitch😭

📘 Rule: The dative case is used for the recipient of an action (the person something is given TO or done FOR). We don't have to have the 'to' in the sentence because the ending added to the noun carries that meaning embedded.

I gave the bitch the bad news.

So her, the bitch, is the recipient of the action

Note that the bitch needs to be the indirect object, not the direct object. For instance if you say: "I killed the bitch." Her(direct object) is the recipient of the subject(you) action. This one is accusative. Think(you accused her, then killed the bitch)

🔍 Sentence: "I gave her the bad news."

1. Subject (Who is doing the action?)

👉 "I" → nominative case (the subject)

2. Verb (What’s the action?)

👉 "gave" → action verb

3. Direct Object (What was given?)

👉 "the bad news" → this is the direct object → accusative case

It answers the question "What did I give?" → "the bad news"

4. Indirect Object (To whom was it given?)

👉 "her" → this is the indirect object → dative case

It answers the question "To whom did I give the bad news?" → "her"

Same if the sentence is I gave the bitch the bad news.

So the structure in the dative case needs to be:
• ...gave her "something"
• ...shown her "something"

I gave a bag to my son. So, son is in the dative case because he is the recipient of the action.

• I gave this to you → "you" is in the dative case: тебе
• I bought this for you → "you" is in the dative case: тебе

so the idea here is: beneficiary of the action(dative: indirect object), the thing itself(say the news, is the direct object), the subject is the one giving it.

a special situation is when you are doing an action for yourself like: 'I bought this for myself.' The 'myself' is себя, everything else stays the same as before: "Я купил это для себя".

🧾 Examples in Russian:

• Я дал книгу брату. – I gave the book to my brother. (брату = dative)
• Он дал это тебе. – He gave this to you. (тебе = dative)
• Тебе подарили цветы. – You were given flowers. (тебе = dative)
• Я купил подарок маме. – I bought a gift for mom. (маме = dative)

✅ If someone receives or benefits from an action, they are usually in the dative case.

🎯 Ask yourself: Who is this to or for? – That person will be in the dative case in Russian.

📌 Dative Case Endings (Singular & Plural)

• Masculine Singular:
  • Ends in consonant → add -у (e.g. стол → столу)
  • Ends in -й or -ь → change to -ю (e.g. музей → музею, словарь → словарю)
• Feminine Singular:
  • Ends in -а → change to -е (e.g. книга → книге)
  • Ends in -я → change to -е (e.g. неделя → неделе)
  • Ends in -ь → change to -и (e.g. дверь → двери)
• Neuter Singular:
  • Ends in -о → change to -у (e.g. окно → окну)
  • Ends in -е → change to -ю (e.g. море → морю)
• All Genders Plural:
  • Most nouns → add -ам or -ям depending on the stem (e.g. книга → книгам, музей → музеям)
  • -ам is used after hard consonants; -ям is used after soft consonants, -й, or vowels

📌🧠Instrumental Case

👉 Instrumental (the means by which something is done)

🗣️"I had an argument with the bitch

the keyword here is with.. You had an argument with her.

💥 "I killed her with a gun"

🔪"I cut her with a knife"

📘 Rule: The instrumental case is used for the tool or means by which an action is performed (the person or object used to do something). We don't have to have the 'with' or 'by' in the sentence because the ending added to the noun carries that meaning embedded.

I cut the bread with a knife. In this sentence, the knife is in the instrumental case because it is the tool used to perform the action (cutting).

• I ate this with my hands → "my hands" is in the instrumental case: руками
• She writes with a pen → "a pen" is in the instrumental case: ручкой

🧾 Examples in Russian:

• Я нарезал хлеб ножом. – I cut the bread with a knife. (ножом = instrumental)
• Она пишет письма карандашом. – She writes letters with a pencil. (карандашом = instrumental)
• Мы разговаривали с другом. – We talked with a friend. (другом = instrumental)
• Я готовлю еду ложкой. – I cook food with a spoon. (ложкой = instrumental)

✅ If something or someone is used to carry out an action, they are usually in the instrumental case.

🎯 Ask yourself: What or who is being used to perform the action? – That object or person will be in the instrumental case in Russian.

💡note: Whenever you have a C before the noun, C (which is a preposition) always demands it to be in Instrumental case. This is part of a concept called preposition dependency. I have talked with my son. Я поговорил с моим сыном

🔁 Quick test for spotting the Instrumental case:

📌 Instrumental Case Endings (Singular & Plural)

• Masculine Singular:
  • Ends in consonant → add -ом (e.g. стол → столом)
  • Ends in -й or -ь → change to -ем (e.g. музей → музеем, словарь → словарем)
• Feminine Singular:
  • Ends in -а → change to -ой (e.g. книга → книгой)
  • Ends in -я → change to -ей (e.g. неделя → неделей)
  • Ends in -ь → change to -ью (e.g. дверь → дверью)
• Neuter Singular:
  • Ends in -о → change to -ом (e.g. окно → окном)
  • Ends in -е → change to -ем (e.g. море → морем)
• All Genders Plural:
  • Most nouns → add -ами or -ями depending on the stem (e.g. книга → книгами, музей → музеями)
  • -ами is used after hard consonants; -ями is used after soft consonants, -й, or vowels

📌🧠Prepositional Case

📕This Story is about a murder🩸

I Killer her🔪 in the Attic🏠

The keywords here are: about, or location

📘 Rule: The prepositional case is used to talk about the location of something or what something is about. It almost always comes with a preposition, especially в (in), на (on), or о (about). so the next word(noun) after any of these you put it in a prepositional case.

So if you're saying where something is or what something is about — you're likely using the prepositional case.

• I live in Russia → "Russia" is in the prepositional case: в России
• We’re talking about school → "school" is in the prepositional case: о школе

🧾 Examples in Russian:

• О погоде. – About the weather. (о погоде = prepositional)
• Я живу в Москве. – I live in Moscow. (в Москве = prepositional)
• Он на работе. – He is at work. (на работе = prepositional)
• Мы говорим о книге. – We are talking about the book. (о книге = prepositional)
• Речь идет о профессоре. – The speech is about the professor. (о профессоре = prepositional)

✅ Use the prepositional case when something is:

• 🗺️ In a place (в, на)
• 💬 About a topic (о)

🎯 Ask yourself: Where is it? or What are we talking about? – That noun will usually be in the prepositional case.

📌 Prepositional Case Endings

• Masculine Singular:
  • Ends in consonant → add -е (e.g. город → в городе)
  • Ends in -й or -ь → change to -е (e.g. музей → в музее, словарь → в словаре)
• Feminine Singular:
  • Ends in -а → change to -е (e.g. школа → в школе)
  • Ends in -я → change to -е (e.g. неделя → на неделе)
  • Ends in -ь → change to -и (e.g. дверь → на двери)
• Neuter Singular:
  • Ends in -о → change to -е (e.g. окно → в окне)
  • Ends in -е → stays -е (e.g. море → в море)

• All Genders (Plural):
  • Most nouns take -ах or -ях
  • Use -ах after hard consonants
  • Use -ях after soft consonants, -ь, -й, -я, -е

🧾 Examples:

• город → в городах (in the cities)
• музей → в музеях (in the museums)
• школа → в школах (in the schools)
• книга → о книгах (about the books)
• море → в морях (in the seas)

💡 Tip: The plural endings for the Prepositional case are the same as the Plural Dative ones!

🧠 A good memory trick: If you're using в (in), на (on), or о (about) and talking about a location or topic, the noun will likely be in the prepositional case.

🔁 Quick test for spotting the Prepositional case:

🧠Noun Cases in Russian

Masculine Nouns

Neuter Nouns

Feminine Nouns

🧠 Summary of Cases for Retards Like You (Yes, You)🫵

📌 There are 3 roles nouns can take: Subject, Direct Object, and Indirect Object.
So, any noun in a sentence will be either a subject, a direct object, or an indirect object.
Easy enough, even for you, genius. 😌

🎭 There are 6 grammatical cases: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Instrumental, and Prepositional.

🧠📚The 6 Russian Cases in a Murder Story🔪

💬 Sentence	📚 Case(s) Used	🎭 Roles	🔤 Word Types
📖 This story is about a murder.	🧠 Prepositional (about what? → a murder)	Subject: This story Direct Object: - Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: This Noun: story, murder Verb: is Preposition: about Article: a Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: -
👑I am rich.	👑 Nominative – Subject of the sentence.	Subject: I Direct Object: - Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: I Noun: - Verb: am Preposition: - Article: - Adjective: rich Adverb: - Particle: -
💸 I have money.	👑 Nominative (basic form → money. Money is in Nominative because of the verb "to have")	Subject: I Direct Object: money Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: I Noun: money Verb: have Preposition: - Article: - Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: -
💰 I have a lot of money.	📦 Genitive ("a lot of money" → a lot of money)	Subject: I Direct Object: a lot of money Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: I Noun: money Verb: have Preposition: of Article: a Adjective: - Adverb: lot Particle: -
👧🏼 I also have a girlfriend	👑 Nominative ("a girlfriend" → девушка) 📦 Genitive case ("меня") is used for the possessor (I), showing possession. If the quantity is ≥ 2, the thing possessed would use the genitive case instead of nominative.	Subject: I Direct Object: a girlfriend Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: I Noun: girlfriend Verb: have Preposition: - Article: a Adjective: - Adverb: also Particle: -
👀 One day, I saw her stealing my money.	🎯 Accusative (you saw her → her)	Subject: I Direct Object: her Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: I, her, my Noun: day, money Verb: saw, stealing Preposition: - Article: - Adjective: one Adverb: - Particle: -
🔫 So, I bought a gun.	🎯 Accusative (you bought what? → a gun)	Subject: I Direct Object: a gun Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: I Noun: gun Verb: bought Preposition: - Article: a Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: So
🍷 I invited her for dinner.	🎯 Accusative (her) + 🎯 Accusative (dinner → goal)	Subject: I Direct Object: her Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: I, her Noun: dinner Verb: invited Preposition: for Article: - Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: -
🚗 On my way home, I made preparations to get rid of her.	🎯 Accusative (home) → destination of movement + 🎯 Accusative (her) → direct object of "get rid of" (accusative case)	Subject: I Direct Object: her Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: my, I, her Noun: way, preparations Verb: made, get rid of Preposition: on, to, of Article: - Adjective: - Adverb: home Particle: -
📢💔 I gave her the news, that I was leaving	👐 Dative (to her → her) + 🎯 Accusative (news → the news)	Subject: I Direct Object: the news Indirect Object: her	Pronoun: I, her Noun: news Verb: gave, was leaving Preposition: - Article: the Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: that
😠"You stole from me!"	📦 Genitive Case (me) – Indicates possession/loss.	Subject: You Direct Object: - Indirect Object: me	Pronoun: You, me Noun: - Verb: stole Preposition: from Article: - Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: -
💢 We had an argument (implied: "with whom?" her)	⚒️ Instrumental (with whom? → with her)	Subject: We Direct Object: an argument Indirect Object: her (implied)	Pronoun: We, her (implied) Noun: argument Verb: had Preposition: with (implied) Article: an Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: -
💬 She denied she stole my money.	📦 Genitive (denial of *money* → money)	Subject: She Direct Object: my money Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: She, my Noun: money Verb: denied, stole Preposition: - Article: - Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: -
💬 She claimed she didn't have money.	📦 Genitive (absence → money)	Subject: She Direct Object: money Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: She Noun: money Verb: claimed, didn't have Preposition: - Article: - Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: -
🔫 So, I shot her.	🎯 Accusative (her → her)	Subject: I Direct Object: her Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: I, her Noun: - Verb: shot Preposition: - Article: - Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: So
🔪 I cut her body with a knife.	🎯 Accusative (her body) + ⚒️ Instrumental (with a knife → a knife)	Subject: I Direct Object: her body Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: I, her Noun: body, knife Verb: cut Preposition: with Article: a Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: -
⚰️ I buried her in the attic.	🎯 Accusative (her) + 📍 Prepositional (in the attic → the attic)	Subject: I Direct Object: her Indirect Object: -	Pronoun: I, her Noun: attic Verb: buried Preposition: in Article: the Adjective: - Adverb: - Particle: -

🧠📚 Russian Murder Story Translation 🔪

🇷🇺 Cyrillic	🔤 Transliteration	🇬🇧 English
📖 Эта история о убийстве.	📖 Eta istoriya o ubiystve.	📖 This story is about a murder.
👑 Я богат.	👑 Ya bogat.	👑 I am rich.
💸 У меня есть деньги.	💸 U menya yest' den'gi.	💸 I have money.
💰 У меня много денег.	💰 U menya mnogo deneg.	💰 I have a lot of money.
👧🏼 У меня также есть девушка.	👧🏼 U menya takzhe yest' devushka.	👧🏼 I also have a girlfriend.
👀 Однажды я увидел, как она крадёт мои деньги.	👀 Odnazhdy ya uvidel, kak ona kradyot moi den'gi.	👀 One day, I saw her stealing my money.
🔫 Поэтому я купил пистолет.	🔫 Poetomu ya kupil pistolet.	🔫 So, I bought a gun.
🍷 Я пригласил её на ужин.	🍷 Ya priglasil yeyo na uzhin.	🍷 I invited her for dinner.
🚗 По дороге домой, я приготовился избавиться от неё.	🚗 Po doroge domoy, ya prigotovilsya izbavit'sya ot neyo.	🚗 On my way home, I made preparations to get rid of her.
📢💔 Я сообщил ей новость, что я ухожу.	📢💔 Ya soobshchil yey novost', chto ya ukhozhu.	📢💔 I gave her the news, that I was leaving.
😠 "Ты украла у меня!"	😠 "Ty ukrala u menya!"	😠 "You stole from me!"
💢 Мы поругались (подразумевается: "с кем?" с ней).	💢 My porugalis' (podrazumevaetsya: "s kem?" s ney).	💢 We had an argument (implied: "with whom?" her).
💬 Она отрицала, что украла мои деньги.	💬 Ona otritsala, chto ukrala moi den'gi.	💬 She denied she stole my money.
💬 Она утверждала, что у неё нет денег.	💬 Ona utverzhdala, chto u neyo net deneg.	💬 She claimed she didn't have money.
🔫 Поэтому я застрелил её.	🔫 Poetomu ya zastrelil yeyo.	🔫 So, I shot her.
🔪 Я разрезал её тело ножом.	🔪 Ya razrezal yeyo telo nozhom.	🔪 I cut her body with a knife.
⚰️ Я похоронил её на чердаке.	⚰️ Ya pokhoronil yeyo na cherdake.	⚰️ I buried her in the attic.

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🧠📚 Use of negatives in Russian with the murder story 🔪

After the murder, the detective arrives on scene. Each step covers a type of negative that the Russian language has.

There are 5 negation types. Note the right column.

🕵️‍♂️ Murder Scene	Russian Sentence	Translation & Grammar
1. Arrival at the crime scene	Когда детектив приехал, он сказал: «Не трогай тело!»	“Don’t touch the body!” Не + трогай = Negative imperative
2. Questioning the friend	Друг подозреваемого сказал: «Он не убивал её.»	“He didn’t kill her.” не + убивал = Negated past verb
3. Talking to neighbors	Соседи говорили одно и то же: «Никто не видел убийцу.»	“Nobody saw the killer.” Никто не = Double negation
4. Talking to the investigator	Следователь сказал: «Я не нашёл ножа.»	“I didn’t find the knife.” нож → ножа (Genitive after negation)
5. Decision time	Детектив сказал помощнику: «Отпусти его. Улик нет.»	“Let him go. There’s no evidence.” Нет + Genitive: улики → улик

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Coming back to the cases:

The cases apply universally—whether it's you/her, him/them, or even a detective/the suspects. The grammatical role (subject, object, etc.) dictates the case, not the specific characters.

🔪 Same Narrative, Different Characters

1. "Him vs. Her" (Murderous Lovers)

(Accusative) → "He killed her."

(Dative) → "He told her the truth."

(Genitive) → "He took money from her."

2. "Him vs. Them" (Angry Boss)

(Accusative) → "He fired them."

(Accusative + Prepositional) → "He yelled at them."

(Prepositional) → "He forgot about them."

3. "Them vs. Him" (Revenge Plot)

(Accusative) → "They betrayed him."

(Instrumental) → "They laughed at him."

🌟 Key Rule

The case depends on the verb/preposition, not who's involved:

• "X shot Y" → Accusative (Y = direct object).
• "X argued with Y" → Instrumental (с + Instrumental).
• "X took from Y" → Genitive (у + Genitive).

🔄 Cases change the endings of nouns and sprinkle them with context-flavored meaning.

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📖 Subject or Direct Object?
👉 Use the Nominative case. It's the default. Like your go-to excuse for not studying.

📦 Indirect Object?
You've got options, my indecisive friend: Genitive, Dative, Instrumental, or Prepositional.

• 🧃 Genitive: Think of it as the “of” case. Contents, quantities, ownership.
  Ex: "Cup of tea" = Tea goes in Genitive. 🍵
• 🎁 Dative: Used for the lucky recipient of your actions.
  Ex: “I gave the book to Steve.” → Steve gets the Dative. 📘➡️🧔
• 🔧 Instrumental: For the tool or person used to do something.
  Ex: “I hit it with a hammer.” → Hammer goes Instrumental. 🛠️ Because why not?The key here is the word with.
• 🗺️ Prepositional: For location or topic. Usually with в (in), на (on), or о (about). Ex: “In Moscow” → Moscow gets Prepositional. 🏙️

Everyone happy? Alrighty then. Let's keep going.

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📚 Endings Galore: Yes, you have to learn them. No, there’s no shortcut. Cry later you little baby....

They change depending on the gender and number of the noun. Here’s the glorious breakdown:

♂️ Masculine Nouns

• Singular (endings: consonant, -ь, -й)
• Plural

♀️ Feminine Nouns

• Singular (-а, -я endings)
• Plural (-а, -я endings)

⚪ Neuter Nouns

• Singular (-о, -е / -ё endings)
• Plural (-о, -е / -ё endings)

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Pronouns and Cases

Now...before you cry like a little baby you are, there is more🥴

Pronouns change too

🧑‍💻 Pronouns by Case

Я (I)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative (subject)	я	мы
Genitive (possession)	меня	нас
Dative (indirect object)	мне	нам
Accusative (direct object)	меня	нас
Instrumental (means)	мной	нами
Prepositional (location)	мне	нас

Ты (You - informal)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative (subject)	ты	вы
Genitive (possession)	тебя	вас
Dative (indirect object)	тебе	вам
Accusative (direct object)	тебя	вас
Instrumental (means)	тобой	вами
Prepositional (location)	тебе	вас

Он/Она/Оно (He/She/It)

Мы (We)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative (subject)	он / она / оно	они
Genitive (possession)	его / её / его	их
Dative (indirect object)	ему / ей / ему	им
Accusative (direct object)	его / её / его	их
Instrumental (means)	им / ей / им	ими
Prepositional (location)	нём / ней / нём	них

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative (subject)	мы	мы
Genitive (possession)	нас	нас
Dative (indirect object)	нам	нам
Accusative (direct object)	нас	нас
Instrumental (means)	нами	нами
Prepositional (location)	нас	нас

Вы (You - plural/formal)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative (subject)	вы	вы
Genitive (possession)	вас	вас
Dative (indirect object)	вам	вам
Accusative (direct object)	вас	вас
Instrumental (means)	вами	вами
Prepositional (location)	вас	вас

Они (They)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative (subject)	они	они
Genitive (possession)	их	их
Dative (indirect object)	им	им
Accusative (direct object)	их	их
Instrumental (means)	ими	ими
Prepositional (location)	них	них

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But wait retard... there is more...😵‍💫

🧠 Adjectives

Adjective Endings by Case

Case	Masculine Singular	Feminine Singular	Neuter Singular	Plural (all genders)
Nominative	-ый / -ий / -ой	-ая / -яя	-ое / -ее	-ые / -ие
Genitive	-ого / -его	-ой / -ей	-ого / -его	-ых / -их
Dative	-ому / -ему	-ой / -ей	-ому / -ему	-ым / -им
Accusative	-ый / -ий / -ой	-ую / -юю	-ое / -ее	-ые / -ие
Instrumental	-ым / -им	-ой / -ей	-ым / -им	-ыми / -ими
Prepositional	-ом / -ем	-ой / -ей	-ом / -ем	-ых / -их

Example with "большой" (big)

Case	Masculine Singular	Feminine Singular	Neuter Singular	Plural (all genders)
Nominative	большой	большая	большее	большие
Genitive	большого	большой	большого	больших
Dative	большому	большой	большому	большим
Accusative	большой	большую	большее	большие
Instrumental	большим	большой	большим	большими
Prepositional	большом	большой	большом	больших

But Extra Wait...There is more...😫

🗣 Prepositions and the Cases They Govern

Case	Prepositions (with translations)	Usage Notes	English Examples	Russian Examples (endings bolded)
Nominative	None	Only subjects can be in nominative case
Genitive	без (without) вместо (instead of) до (before/until) около (near) для (for)	Noun after these prepositions takes genitive case	1. I made this without a friend 2. I made this instead of a friend 3. I made this before a friend 4. I made this near a friend 5- I made this for a friend	1. Я сделал это без друга 2. Я сделал это вместо друга 3. Я сделал это до друга 4. Я сделал это около друга 5. Я сделал это для друга
Dative	к (to/toward) по (on/along) благодаря (thanks to)		1. I am going to a teacher 2. I am walking on the street 3. I did this thanks to a friend	1. Я иду к учителю 2. Я иду по улице 3. Я сделал это благодаря другу
Accusative	в (into) на (onto) через (through/across)	Only when indicating direction	1. I am going into a store 2. I am going onto a concert stage 3- I walked across the park	1. Я иду в магазин (zero ending) 2. Я иду на сцену 3. Я прошёл через парк
Instrumental	с (with) за (behind) под (under)	с, за are used with instrumental when indicating location	1. I went with a friend 2. The book is behind the shelf 3. The cat is under the table	1. Я пошёл с другом 2. Книга за полкой 3. Кот под столом
Prepositional	в (in) на (on) о (about)	в, на are used for location (not direction)	1. I am in a store 2. The book is on the table 3. We talked about a friend	1. Я в магазине 2. Книга на столе 3. Мы говорили о друге

But Extra...Extra...Extra Wait...Seriously? Numerals😵

🔢 Numerals and Their Case Forms

Numeral	Case	Example
один (1)	Nominative (masculine), Accusative (masculine)	У меня один друг. (I have one friend.) Я вижу один дом. (I see one house.)
одна (1)	Nominative (feminine), Accusative (feminine)	У меня одна кошка. (I have one cat.) Я вижу одну книгу. (I see one book.)
одно (1)	Nominative (neuter), Accusative (neuter)	У меня одно окно. (I have one window.) Я вижу одно дерево. (I see one tree.)
два (2)	Nominative, Accusative (masculine)	У меня два друга. (I have two friends.) Я вижу два дома. (I see two houses.)
две (2)	Nominative, Accusative (feminine)	У меня две кошки. (I have two cats.) Я вижу две книги. (I see two books.)
три (3)	Accusative, Nominative	У меня три друга. (I have three friends.) Я вижу три дома. (I see three houses.)
четыре (4)	Accusative, Nominative	У меня четыре кошки. (I have four cats.) Я вижу четыре книги. (I see four books.)
пять (5) and higher	Accusative, Nominative (plural)	У меня пять друзей. (I have five friends.) Я вижу пять домов. (I see five houses.)

zero ending, means no added ending: магазин → магазин (zero).друг → друга (not zero ending)

🧠Is that it?🤒 So...what changes in all this?

🔄 Components That Change in a Sentence with Cases

Component	Changes with Cases?
🧑‍💼 Nouns	✅
👥 Pronouns	✅
📝 Adjectives	✅
🔢 Numerals	✅
💬 Verbs	❌
📍 Prepositions	❌ (But influence case of nouns)
💡 Adverbs	❌
🎯 Word Order	❌

🧠 It’ll all stick to your puny brain with practice. Or duct tape. Whichever works faster.

Now get to practice: here... Cyka!